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Geothermal Research for Meeting Clean Energy Needs

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When it comes to clean alternatives to fossil fuels, geothermal energy is capable of supplying a significant portion of our needs. In fact, according to a 2008 study by the USGS, hot dry rocks in the geologically active western areas of the US may be able to supply an average of over 500,000 MW.

Geothermal energy has historically been seen as limited to areas around the edges of tectonic plates. Cool water seeping into the earth is heated and forced upwards, where it can be used to power electric turbines in geothermal power generating stations. Recent advances in geothermal technology, however, mean that many formerly overlooked areas are now classified as viable for geothermal energy production. One of the main steps forward in this regard is the development of efficient binary cycle geothermal stations to complement traditional dry steam or flash steam plants. Where these require water above 150 to 180 degrees C, binary cycle plants can operate with water temperatures as low as 57 degrees C and can be situated in a much wider area. As production of geothermal electricity ramps up, so the cost comes down.

There are other uses for geothermal energy beside the production of electrical power. On a smaller scale, water heated by geothermal heat sources can be pumped into buildings to supply hot water needs that would otherwise require electricity or natural gas. While the initial cost of such installations may be somewhat high depending on location, the environmental and long term cost benefits are such that everyone should be encouraged to take advantage of the clean energy beneath their feet.


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